“The problem is not that they are not watching what you do, the problem is they are” is something that Tom Peters once said. He is right. Leaders are under greater scrutiny than they have ever been due to the available technology and the context of a connected world. Of course leaders have always been under scrutiny, it is just that it is now unrelenting, unforgiving and news, both good and bad, travels fast. Leaders find themselves in a goldfish bowl not always of their own making.
Almost daily one reads of prominent leaders who are exposed in some or other way by the media. Shocking details of often sordid or corrupt private lives making headlines and revealing character flaws out of keeping with the leadership positions and responsibilities they hold. We wonder just how they could have maintained such duplicity and how they thought they could get away with it!
What often masquerades as leadership is nothing of the sort. Authentic leadership is about the character ethic. You lead out of who you are and today leadership has been confused with positional power. Just because you hold a leadership position, does not make you a leader. In fact leadership is perhaps one of the most abused terms and concepts in today’s world. It is a world in which often leadership is proclaimed prematurely and credit given where judgment should be reserved. It is a world that confuses leadership with celebrity.
Perhaps the test of authentic leadership is to simply pose a basic question: Is anyone following? If no one is following, there is no leadership. Where influence is exerted, leadership is being practiced. Putting aside deeper debate around the ‘good’ and ‘bad’ when understanding leadership as influence, the point is that leaders have both followers and exert influence. When the best of authentic leadership is practiced, it evokes engagement rather than compliance.
All of which brings me to leadership in the corporate environment. Avoiding the well traveled and pot-holed road of leadership verses management, I want to consider some of what I consider to be important aspects of leading into the future: what it will take to lead in the ‘new world of work’.
Recently a CEO asked me what I considered to be the most important leadership trait for leading into the future. I did not hesitate in answering this interesting question: My answer? Adaptive intelligence. It was Darwin who stated that those who will survive will not be the fittest, strongest or those with the biggest market share (well he didn’t actually say that last bit but, given our context, one could imply it from what he meant) – but rather, those who will survive will be those who are able to best adapt to changing circumstances. Today leaders find themselves leading in a constantly changing world, one in which change is unpredictable, non-linear and complex. Understanding the need for adaptive intelligence at both a personal and corporate level is essential.
But what exactly is adaptive intelligence?
A study done by Gunderson and Holling in 2002 identifies four characteristics that make up the DNA of adaptive intelligence. They are helpful insights when it comes to understanding and applying adaptive intelligence to leadership in the corporate environment.
Learning to live with change and uncertainty. This alludes to an acceptance that the context in which we live and do business is one of constant change. A fixed rigidness and inability to embrace change and uncertainty militates against the development of adaptive intelligence. Of course living with change and uncertainty is not easy and one way we cope is to make extravagant plans when it comes to the future. In a sense our plans are often nothing more than attempts to control the uncontrollable. They provide a sense of security that can be limiting when what we really need is an ability to hold lightly and move quickly. Futurists tell us that 80% of what tomorrow holds is what they term, ‘novelties’: In other words, the unforeseen – the unpredictable. Smart leaders recognize this and both model and build capacity within their organizations to live with change and uncertainty. All too often we cling to certainty – think of how we arrange learning and development programmes and curriculum; off-sites and conferences; meetings and strategic sessions.
Nurturing diversity for resilience. There are several advantages that come with diversity – innovation for one, but one benefit that is not often recognized is that of resilience. What CEO doesn’t believe that organizational resilience is important in today’s climate? Of course leading diversity is tough. It requires a different mindset and skill set to what worked in the past and the diversity that leaders face today transcends personal, cultural, generational and structural boundaries. However, leading diversity is not optional and so those in leadership need to build an awareness and acceptance of diversity that will ultimately lead to the development of resilience. I have been told that South Africa is the most diverse country on the planet (South east Asia is the most diverse region) – this means that as South Africans, we have a head start when it comes to understanding and dealing with leading diversity. Doing so requires new models and thinking and a willingness to learn from mistakes that will undoubtedly mark the journey.
Combining different types of knowledge for learning. This is where the collective failure of how we do leadership development / education is exposed. We still embrace the classroom experience as the dominant means of undertaking such learning with the emphasis on information dissemination. We need to be bold in our willingness to try different things and whether or not they work, there will be valuable lessons to be learnt. In teaching a strategic leadership class recently at one of South Africa’s premier business schools, I was asked not to do an adaptive exercise essential to a deeper and practical understanding of Ron Heifitz’s model of Adaptive Leadership. The reason was that it was considered ‘too risky’ and the faculty concerned suggested that this was the client’s request. Here’s the problem: what if what we need to learn requires risk and a measure of discomfort? What if we don’t know what we don’t know? The client needs to trust the educator when it comes to the learning process. When the education process (well actually it is normally always a ‘programme’ rather than a ‘process’) is about ‘pleasing the client,’ then questions as to what real learning is taking place have to be asked.
Exercising authentic leadership in which adaptive intelligence is required demands that you be willing and competent at stepping into the unknown and stirring things up. “Most people prefer stability to chaos, clarity to confusion, and orderliness to conflict. But to practice leadership you need to accept that you are in the business of generating chaos, confusion and conflict, for yourself and others around you” writes Heifitz in his book The Practice of Adaptive Leadership (pg 206). This represents the polar opposite of what often is considered ‘good leadership’ and certainly his statement, and the thought it represents, demands serious consideration from those in leadership.
Given all this, what methods or approaches will then work? If it is true that the mind works best in the presence of a question, then perhaps posing select questions will lead to finding out what methods and approaches might work best for you and your organization. Here then would some questions to lead you to deeper conversations that will result in practical outcomes relevant to your particular context or theater of leadership:
- If leading involves risk, what are the risks involved in teaching leadership?
- Can new insight move beyond conceptual awakening and actually change leadership behaviour at the level of default settings – habitual ways of responding, especially in crisis and under stress?
- If so, what are these ‘new insights’?
- Who is the self that leads?
- What is your capacity for connectedness?
- What does ‘leadership beyond technique’ mean / look like?
- What is it about you that allowed great mentoring to happen?
- What does the ‘learner leader’ look like?
- What do you need to learn, unlearn and relearn when it comes to leading in the new world of work?
Be suspicious of cookie-cutter approaches to leadership development. Be willing to allow open space in the learning process and look to build curiosity rather than certainty in both the programme and process. Be willing to fail and don’t be afraid to model and champion the need to reflect. Pay attention to habits as much as you do results and don’t sacrifice the long-term for the short-term. Be patient but hold high standards. Give opportunity to participate and ask questions – lots of questions: of others, the organization and most importantly, of yourself. Be a learner and always believe there is a better way. Know the why that underpins the what and the how; be intentional. Invite the best from others and always believe that everyone has a contribution to make (and that they would rather make that contribution than not).
This represents a start but of course not an end. The quest for authentic leadership and adaptive intelligence will be the hallmarks of leading in the new world of work. Maybe, this has always been the case
I have stopped teaching leadership in organizations because of my frustrations at the interference of the client. How can we stretch minds and take people to a new level when the traditional, myopic and limited views of the clients are imposed on us. We go to a lot of effort to design a program with a specific desired outcome and then we are hijacked by the client. Then we are they scapegoats when the process doesn’t achieve its objectives. What is the point….why do they employ us in the first place if they have no faith in our knowledge as experts in our field.It is we, as consultants and researchers, who know what needs to be taught, because we have committed many hours of research and study to understand leadership challenges and how we can help our emerging leaders to grapple with them. Clients limit our ability to transform these leaders, because of their fear of change, their fear of being on the cutting edge, or perhaps more truthfully, their fear that they will not get return business or good performance reviews if the students don’t give good feedback. And students often don’t give good reviewsw when they are tasked with having to stretch, change and think. They like the training context where we fill their heads with facts and they don’t need to do anything but listen, and play on their smart phones whilst doing so. I prefer to write now……hopefully then some-one will listen and if I change just one client perspective with my writing, then I have achieved more than I could in a restrictive corporate development setting. If I can write to inform, expand mindsets, and to expose corporate clients involved in leadership development to the fact that there are new ways of thinking and that these new ways are the only ones that get results in this complex postmodern environment. Until we can achieve this, we will continue to churn out unimaginative, uncritical, non-thinking, ineffective ‘managers’ who operate under the guise of leaders. I will just keep writing in faith.
Thanks for those thoughts Elaine. But don’t give-up just yet on the corporate world as they need your wisdom and expertise in this important area! That said, do continue writing! I look forward to finding a collaborative space in this area at some opportune time and am confident that this will happen. Please do keep reading and providing your wisdom and comments. I will soon be working with Prof Nick Barker in the Asia Pacific Leadership Program (Hawaii) – he a person that I would like to introduce you to when he is next in SA.
Yes, I too, Like Elaine sometimes walk away from a so-called leadership session with senior schoolers with the distinct feeling that they were hoping for more. Unfortunately there are only a handful of teachers who are cutting edge ready to lead our kids into meaningful leadership thinking and doing beyond the confines of our conservative school mentality.
Surely the needs of our communities should be pushing the sharper kids to be coming to the fore and creating platforms for discussion and progressive dialogue on leadership savy into the future.
I sometimes feel that potential leaders (some of whom see the light of other potential modelities) but go back to school or their dominant parents to be squeezed back into the mould compliance. Maybe we need to help kids realise that there is another world out there but they need to take ownership of the opportunity and seek other creative leaders in making waves.
Thank for stimulating my mind yet again.